Investigation into IoT‐Based Smart Parking Space Allocation in University Campuses in Makurdi LGA, Benue State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study:
University campuses often face challenges with parking management due to limited space and high vehicle volumes, which can lead to congestion and inefficiencies. In Makurdi LGA, Benue State, traditional parking systems that rely on manual allocation or static signage frequently result in inefficient use of parking resources and frustration among students, staff, and visitors. The investigation into IoT‐based smart parking space allocation systems presents an innovative solution by automating the allocation process using sensors, cameras, and real‐time data analytics. These systems deploy IoT devices to monitor parking space occupancy continuously and relay this information to a centralized management platform (Ibrahim, 2023). Through the use of mobile applications and digital displays, drivers are provided with real-time updates on available parking spots, reducing the time spent searching for a space and alleviating congestion. Moreover, data collected through these systems can be analyzed to identify patterns and optimize parking distribution, thereby increasing overall efficiency (Adeniyi, 2024). The system also supports dynamic pricing and reservation options, which can further improve utilization and generate additional revenue for campus management (Udo, 2025). By automating the parking allocation process, the IoT‐based solution not only enhances convenience for users but also promotes a more organized and efficient campus environment. This approach aligns with the global move towards smart campus initiatives and sustainable urban planning, providing a scalable model for improving transportation and resource management in academic settings.
Statement of the problem:
University campuses in Makurdi LGA currently experience significant inefficiencies in parking management due to reliance on outdated, manual systems. These traditional methods lead to underutilized spaces, prolonged search times for parking, and increased congestion, ultimately affecting campus mobility and user satisfaction (Ibrahim, 2023). The lack of real‐time monitoring and dynamic allocation contributes to a disorganized parking environment, where available spaces are not optimally utilized, and unauthorized parking further exacerbates congestion. Inadequate data collection and analysis prevent campus management from making informed decisions regarding parking resource allocation and infrastructure planning (Adeniyi, 2024). Furthermore, the absence of automated notifications and digital interfaces results in a poor user experience, where drivers are left to manually search for parking, leading to frustration and wasted time. These challenges are compounded by financial constraints and the inability to implement modern parking technologies across the campus. Without a smart, IoT‐based system that automates parking space allocation, the university remains trapped in inefficient practices that contribute to traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and reduced campus productivity (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT‐based system for real‐time allocation of parking spaces on campus.
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To evaluate the system’s impact on reducing search times and increasing parking efficiency.
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To propose strategies for integrating the system with existing campus parking management frameworks.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT‐based system in providing real‐time parking space availability?
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What improvements in parking efficiency and user satisfaction are observed after system implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current parking management practices to optimize resource allocation?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it offers an innovative solution to the parking challenges faced by university campuses through IoT technology. By automating parking space allocation and providing real‐time information, the system can reduce congestion, enhance user convenience, and optimize resource utilization, thereby improving overall campus mobility and operational efficiency.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the investigation of an IoT‐based smart parking space allocation system in university campuses in Makurdi LGA, Benue State. It does not extend to other parking management systems or non-academic settings.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that share real‐time data.
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Smart Parking System: A system that automates the allocation and monitoring of parking spaces using digital technology.
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Real‐Time Data: Information that is delivered immediately after collection without delay.
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